Cyber conflict, generally considered to be below the threshold of war, now plays a major role in so-called “high-intensity” wars and in contemporary international crises, including those with a nuclear dimension.
Cyber warfare can either support or hinder conventional warfare maneuvers through, for example, hacking or cyber defense of drones in conflict zones where drones are widely used, operations in the electromagnetic field, or in the field of digital satellite telecommunications.
Do the characteristics of cyber conflict evolve according to the different phases of conflict (peace, crisis, war)?
Is there a specific escalation dynamic in the cyber domain? What are its characteristics?
How does the cyber dimension of conflict interact with other domains of conflict? Do these interactions alter the overall dynamics and risks of escalation?
Under what conditions could cyber weaken nuclear deterrence?
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